Add water to salt and you have salty water. Respectfully, there is nothing that "neutralizes salt. Your aim in cleaning a firearm is to flush and remove the corrosive salts from the bore and bolt.
With corrosive ammo it isn't the powder that's corrosive, it's the chlorate Berdan primer. Dissolving, diluting, and washing away these corrosive chlorite salts from spent chlorate primers is absolutely key to preventing barrel and bolt rust. Petroleum based bore cleaners like CLP will not remove the corrosive salts! Flush and rinse all affected parts with HOT water followed by your favorite lubricant and you're good to go.
You can also wet a patch in Windex, water, or Hoppes #9 and swab. Repeat this twice, brush the bore, then another patch with water or Windex, then a couple dry patches and it's ready for conventional petroleum based solvent cleaning, oiling and lubricating. My method is to simply spay it liberally down the bore until it's pouring out of the barrel and hose down the bolt face while I'm at it. I always carry baby wipes with me for cleaning my hands after shooting and I've run wet baby wipes down a hot bore when I've forgotten my Windex or Hoppes #9.
Water or ANY cleaner with a wetting agent will work, such as Fantastik, 409, Windex or the like. All of those contain butyl alcohol, aka butoxyethanol. That alcohol lowers the surface tension of water and makes it "wetter" and able to wet soiled surfaces faster and aid in removing the corrosive salts. Any alkaline component like soap or ammonia will also make the water wet out the bore faster. Residual alkalinity helps to inhibit rust during drying, too.
Cleaning a weapon after shooting corrosively-primed ammo only adds a few minutes to the normal cleaning regimen, including a water/Windex wipe down of the bolt face, bolt, feed ramp, chamber end of the barrel, inside of the receiver, and exterior muzzle end of the barrel. Those are all areas where primer salts in the form of combustion residue will be present.
I typically use Hoppes #9, Windex, or even a bottle of drinking water to pour down my hot bores to flush out the corrosive salts prior to packing up and leaving the range and a good cleaning after I'm home.
SAR magazine tested several cleaners, solvents, and methods in one of their issues about a year ago, and Hoppes was clearly one of the best. Surprisingly, WD-40 did well, but you'll never see it near my guns.
